Obere ihe na-abụkarị ihe na-adịghị mma n'oge nchekwa na njem, na ọtụtụ ihe na-ejikọta ọnụ dịka iwu ụfọdụ siri dị.Nkwakọ igbe ihe ngosi a gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'ihu na-ezo aka n'ịchịkọta ọtụtụ obere ngwongwo ekpokọtara ma ọ bụ nke a na-etinyeghị n'ime nnukwu ngwongwo nke enwere ike ibuli elu ma ọ bụ ndụdụ site na akpa iji kwado iji igwe maka ibu, ibutu na njikwa ọrụ.Enwere ike kewaa akpa akpa n'ụdị isii dịka ụdị ha siri dị: ihe ejikọtara ọnụ, akpa pallet, akpa akpa, ụgbụ akpa na akpa.Ebumnuche nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa bụ iji chekwaa ndị mmadụ ma belata njem naigbe ngosi mpịakọta mbụỌnụ ego nkwakọ ngwaahịa.
Igbe ngosi mpịakọta mbụusoro mbukota
Mkpokọta na akpakọta bụ usoro nkwakọ ngwaahịa mkpokọta nke na-eji ihe eriri iji jikọta ngwa ahịa dị ka ngwaahịa ọla, osisi, ma ọ bụ obere ngwugwu n'ime ngalaba mbufe data nọọrọ onwe ya.Onyonyo 7-17 na-egosi ngwa nke eriri dị iche iche na njide.Nkwakọ ngwaahịa aigbe ngosi mpịakọta mbụUsoro na-eri obere ihe nkwakọ ngwaahịa, nwere ọnụ ala dị ala, ọ dị mfe ịchekwa, ibu, ibutu, na mbugharị, ma nwee ọrụ nke akara, akara, mgbochi izu ohi, na igbochi ihe ịla n'iyi ma ọ bụ daa.
Ihe eriri eji eme ihe makaigbe ngosi mpịakọta mbụ
Ihe nkedo a na-ejikarị eme ihe gụnyere waya nchara, eriri igwe, polyester, naịlọn, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride na eriri plastik ndị ọzọ na eriri eriri siri ike.A na-ejikarị waya ígwè ejikọta ihe ndị siri ike dị ka profaịlụ metal, ọkpọkọ, brik, igbe osisi, wdg. Mgbe a na-ejikọta igbe osisi, ha ga-agbanye n'akụkụ na akụkụ nke igbe osisi.Eriri ígwè bụ ụdị eriri nke nwere ike kachasị elu.Ha nwere obere mgbasawanye na ihe ndị dị ka ìhè anyanwụ na okpomọkụ adịghị emetụta ha.Ha nwere ikike njigide erughị ala ma nwee ike iguzogide esemokwu nke ngwa ahịa abịakọrọ dị elu, mana ha na-enwekarị nchara.Akpụkpọ ụkwụ Polyester nwere ike dị elu na nkwụsi ike mmetụta, ezigbo mgbake mgbake na ikike njigide esemokwu, ezigbo nguzogide kemịkalụ, yana ezigbo nchekwa ogologo oge.Ha nwere ike dochie eriri ígwè maka nkwakọ ngwaahịaigbe ngosi mpịakọta mbụihe dị arọ .Eriri naịlọn bụ ihe na-agbanwe, dị ike, nwere ezigbo nguzogide iyi, ịgbado nkwụsi ike, mmiri na-eguzogide mmiri, nguzogide kemịkalụ, na ịdị arọ.Ha na-tumadi eji bundling na nkwakọ nke arọ ihe, pallets, wdg Polyethylene strapping bụ magburu onwe strapping ihe maka handicraft arụmọrụ.Ha nwere ezigbo mmiri na-eguzogide ma dabara adaba maka eriri ngwaahịa ugbo nwere ọdịnaya dị elu.Ha nwere ike idowe ọdịdị a pụrụ ịdabere na ya ma kwụsie ike, kwụsiri ike na nchekwa, ma dị mfe iji.The polypropylene belt bụ ìhè na nro, nwere ike dị elu, na-eguzogide mmiri.
Pallet bụ ngwa akpa eji akpakọba ngwongwo n'ụdị ụfọdụ enwere ike ibunye ya, ibutu ma bufee ya.Nkwakọ ngwaahịa palletigbe ngosi mpịakọta mbụbụ usoro nkwakọ ngwaahịa mkpokọta na-ejikọta ọtụtụ ngwugwu ma ọ bụ ngwa ahịa n'ime ngalaba njikwa onwe ya n'ụzọ ụfọdụ.Ọ dabara maka ọrụ nrụnye na ibutu ụgbọ njem, na-eme ka njikwa ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke oge a dị mfe, ma nwee ike imeziwanye nbudata na mbupu na nrụpụta ngwa ahịa nke ukwuu.Ọkwa njikwa ụlọ nkwakọba ihe.
1. Igbe ngosi mpịakọta mbụusoro nkwakọ ngwaahịa pallet
(1) Nkwakọ ngwaahịa palletigbe ngosi mpịakọta mbụna njirimara ya Uru nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa pallet dị mma n'ozuzu ya, nke dị nro ma kwụsie ike, nke nwere ike izere ihe omume nke ngwugwu na-adaba n'ime igbe n'oge nchekwa, nbudata, nbudata, njem na usoro mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ.Ọ dị mma maka nbudata, nbudata na mbugharị nke nnukwu igwe.E jiri ya tụnyere ịdabere na ikike mmadụ na obere igwe iji na-ebu ma budata obere ngwugwu, arụmọrụ ọrụ ya nwere ike ime ka ọ dịkwuo mma, ọ pụkwara ibelata ohere nke nkukota, ọdịda, mkpofu na njikwa ihe siri ike nke ngwaahịa n'oge nchekwa, nbudata na ịkwatu, njem na njem. usoro mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ, na-ahụ maka nchekwa nke ntụgharị ibu.Otú ọ dị, nkwakọ ngwaahịa pallet na-abawanye ọnụ ahịa nke mmepụta na nhazi nke pallet, ma na-achọ ịzụrụ igwe eji eme ihe kwekọrọ.Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị mkpa na-egosi na iji ngwugwu palletigbe ngosi mpịakọta mbụkama nkwakọ ngwaahịa mbụ nwere ike belata ọnụ ahịa mgbasa ozi nke ukwuu, gụnyere mbelata 45% maka ngwa ụlọ, mbelata 60% maka ngwaahịa akwụkwọ, mbelata 55% maka ngwa nri, yana mbelata 15% maka iko dị larịị na brik na-atụgharị.
(2) Ụzọ nchịkọta pallet A na-enwekarị ụzọ anọ pallet stacking, ya bụ ụdị nlegharị anya dị mfe, ụdị ntugharị na ntụgharị azụ, ụdị crisscross na ụdị staggered na-atụgharị, dị ka egosiri na foto 7-18.Ụzọ nchịkọta dị iche iche nwere uru na ọghọm ha, nke a ga-ahọrọ dịka ọnọdụ dị iche iche si dị.
N'ime nchịkọta dị mfe, a na-ahazi ngwongwo ndị dị na oyi akwa nke ọ bụla n'otu ụzọ ahụ, ma ọ dịghị ihe na-agafe agafe.A na-ekewakarị ngwongwo ndị ahụ ngwa ngwa ogologo oge, enweghị nkwụsi ike na-adịghị mma, ma na-achọ ike mkpakọ dị elu nke ala oyi akwa nke ngwongwo.Site n'echiche nke imeziwanye arụmọrụ stacking na inye egwuregwu zuru oke na ike mkpakọ nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa, nchịkọta nchikota dị mfe bụ usoro nchịkọta kacha mma.Ụdị nchikọta nke ọkwa dị iche iche na-enweghị ọnụọgụ yana n'ọkwa ndị a na-agụta n'ihu na ntụgharị stagger dị 180° dị iche iche.Nchikota n'etiti akwa akwa dị mma, na nkwụsi ike nke ngwongwo pallet dị elu.A na-ejikarị usoro nchịkọta a eme ihe maka pallets akụkụ anọ, na ogologo na obosara nke ngwongwo ahụ bụ 3: 2 ma ọ bụ 6: 5.A na-akwakọba ọkwa dị iche iche na nke nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke criss-cross n'akụkụ dị iche iche.Ntụziaka nke usoro ikpokọta nke elu abụọ dị n'akụkụ dị iche site na 90º.A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe maka pallets square.Na staggered stacking, mgbe stacking nke ọ bụla oyi akwa, a na-agbanwe ntụziaka site 90 ° na-etolite overlap iji hụ na nkwụsi ike, ma n'ihi na etiti na-adịkarị mfe oghere, na-ebelata elu itinye n'ọrụ nke pallet, a na-eji usoro stacking tumadi maka square pallets. .Iji hụ na sayensị na nchekwa nke ịkwakọba ngwongwo na pallets n'ụzọ ụfọdụ, mgbe ị na-emebe nkwakọ ngwaahịa, ọ dị mkpa na-ezo aka na ọkọlọtọ mba CB4892 “Rigid Cuboid Transport Packaging Dimension Series” dabere na ụdị ngwaahịa, ibu pallet. uka na nha, wdg ", GB 13201 "Rigid Cylinder Transportation Packaging Dimension Series" na GB 13757 "Bag Transportation Packaging Dimension Series" na ụkpụrụ ndị ọzọ iji chọpụta usoro nchịkọta nke ngwongwo na pallet, na ọnụ ahịa pallet n'elu bụ ihe eji eme ihe. n'ozuzu ọ bụghị ihe na-erughị 80%.
Ụkpụrụ bụ isi maka ịhọrọ ụzọ nchịkọta pallet bụ:
① A ga-edobe ngwongwo akụkụ anọ siri ike dị ka osisi, akwụkwọ na arịa ọla n'otu ụzọ ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ akwa akwa ma dozie ya na nkwakọba ihe gbatịa ma ọ bụ mkpọ;② Ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ eriri eriri Jiri otu ma ọ bụ multi-layer staggered stacking na cross-sealing na strapping teepu;③ A ga-edobe igbe ọla edochichiri na ngwongwo cylindrical ndị ọzọ n'otu ụdị agba agba ma ọ bụ nke nwere ọtụtụ akwa ma jiri mkpuchi osisi wusie ike;④ Mmiri na-ekpuchi mmiri, mmiri na-adịghị, wdg. A ghaghị ịkwado ngwaahịa akwụkwọ na textiles n'ọtụtụ ọkwa na staggered, ma jiri nkwakọba gbatịa, ịkwanye nkwakọ ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ na-agbakwụnye nkwado nkuku, mkpuchi na ihe ndị ọzọ na-akwado;⑤ A ga-edobe ngwongwo ndị na-emebi emebi n'otu n'otu ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ n'ígwé, jiri ihe nkwado osisi gbakwunyere akụkụ nkebi;⑥ A na-akwakọba igbe ma ọ bụ ngwongwo cylindrical karama igwe kwụ ọtọ n'otu oyi akwa ka ọ mụbaa.
Ejiri okpokolo agba na slats kwalite ihe owuwu ahụ;⑦ A na-akwakọba akpa ngwongwo n'ụzọ na-aga n'ihu na azụ azụ.Na nkwakọ ngwaahịa pallet, ngwaahịa nkwakọ ngwaahịa dị n'okpuru na-ebu ibu mkpakọ nke ngwaahịa ndị dị elu, na ọnọdụ mkpakọ ogologo oge ga-eme ka ihe nkwakọba ma ọ bụ ihe na-akpụ akpụ, na-emetụta nkwụsi ike nke ngwugwu pallet.Ya mere, mgbe ị na-emebe nkwakọ ngwaahịa pallet, ọ dị mkpa iji lelee ike nchikota nke ihe nkwakọba ihe ma tụlee ihe na-akpụ akpụ nke ihe nkwakọba ihe ma ọ bụ ihe nkwakọ ngwaahịa iji hụ na nchekwa nke ngwaahịa n'oge nchekwa na njem.
(3) Usoro nhazi nke pallet N'oge nchekwa na usoro njem nke ngwongwo ngwongwo na-ebu pallet, iji hụ na nkwụsi ike ya, a ghaghị iji ụzọ nkwụnye kwesịrị ekwesị iji gbochie ya ịdaba.Maka ngwaahịa ndị chọrọ ihe mkpuchi mmiri na ihe mgbochi mmiri, a ghaghị ime usoro kwekọrọ.Ụzọ ndozi a na-ejikarị maka nkwakọ ngwaahịa palletigbe ngosi mpịakọta mbụgụnyere nchikota, gluing, mkpuchi, na ngwa nkwado nchekwa, wdg, nke nwekwara ike ijikọ ọnụ na ibe ya.Ụzọ nchịkọta na njigide na-ejikarị eriri igwe na eriri rọba gaa na ngwugwu na pallet kwụ ọtọ na kwụ ọtọ iji gbochie ngwaahịa ekpokọtara ịma jijiji n'oge njem.() (e) Dị ka egosiri na eserese 7-19, usoro nhazi pallet dị iche iche.Maka nkwakọ ngwaahịa pallet nke na-enweghị ike izute nkwakọ ụgbọ njemigbe ngosi mpịakọta mbụihe achọrọ ka emechara ya, a ga-ahọrọ ngwa mgbakwunye nchekwa dịka achọrọ ya.A na-eji mpempe akwụkwọ, plastik osisi, ígwè ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ mee ngwa nkwado nchebe.
2.Igbe ngosi mpịakọta mbụusoro nhazi ngwugwu pallet
Ahazila nha pallets.Iji hụ na mmetụta nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa pallet, igbe igbe nke ngwaahịa kwesịrị ijikọta nke ọma.Ogo nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa pallet na-emetụta ozugbo nchekwa nke ngwaahịa ngwugwu na usoro mgbasa ozi.Nkwakọ ngwaahịa pallet nwere ezi uche nwere ike melite ogo na nchekwa nkwakọ ngwaahịa, mee ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa, ma belata ụgwọ njem na nkwakọ ngwaahịa.Enwere ụzọ nhazi abụọ maka nkwakọ ngwaahịa pallet: "n'ime-out" na "n'èzí-na".
(1) Usoro nhazi nke "n'ime ime" bụ ịmepụta nkwakọ ngwaahịa dị n'ime, nkwakọ ngwaahịa na pallet n'usoro dịka nhazi nke ngwaahịa ahụ si dị.A na-etinye ngwaahịa ahụ n'ime obere ngwugwu n'usoro site na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, wee dị ka ọtụtụ obere ngwugwu ma ọ bụ nha buru ibu Họrọ igbe nkwakọ ngwaahịa dabere na nkwakọ ngwaahịa onye ọ bụla.igbe ngosi mpịakọta mbụ, wee chịkọta igbe nkwakọ ngwaahịa ahọpụtara na pallets, wee bufee ya na ndị ọrụ.E gosipụtara usoro nhazi na eserese 7-20.Dị ka nha nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa dị n'èzí si dị, a pụrụ ikpebi otú e si ejikọta ya na pallet.Ebe ọ bụ na e nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ iji kpokọta igbe corrugated nke ụfọdụ nha na ụgbọ elu pallet, ọ dị mkpa iji tụnyere ụzọ dị iche iche ma họrọ ngwọta kachasị mma.
Mgbe ị na-emebe nkwakọ ngwaahịa pallet, a ga-agbaso modul nkwakọ ngwaahịa mba ụwa nke cuboid siri ike [600, 400], yana akụkụ [1200, 800] na [12001000] na ọkọlọtọ mba GB2934 “Isi akụkụ na ndidi nke Universal Flat Pallets maka Ụgbọ njem Intermodal" kwesịrị ịka mma.Usoro pallets iji mee ihe n'ụzọ zuru oke nke ebe elu pallet ma belata nkwakọ ngwaahịa na nkwakọ ụgbọ njem.Enwere ike mechaa imepụta nkwakọ ngwaahịa pallet buru ibu site na iji sọftụwia nhazi ngwugwu pallet.
3. Igbe ngosi mpịakọta mbụteknụzụ nkwakọ ngwaahịa akpa
Pallet bụ akpa ụdị etiti nwere ike dị elu ma dabara adaba maka ịkwakọ ngwaahịa dị arọ nke nwere ihe mgbagwoju anya na nnukwu batches.Ngwaahịa ụfọdụ nwere nnukwu batches na ụdị dị mgbagwoju anya na enweghị ike itinye ya na pallets.A na-ejikarị ígwè, osisi ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ eme ihe owuwu ahụ.Ọrụ ya bụ idozi na ichekwa ihe, na ịnye ngwaọrụ enyemaka dị mkpa maka ibuli, ịkwanye ndụ na ikpokọta ngwaahịa mgbe mgbakọ gasịrị.Ụdị ihe owuwu a ka a na-akpọ pallet, nke enwere ike ịmegharị ma jiri ya mee ihe ruo ogologo oge.
Otu akpa bụ igbe ntụgharị buru ibu zuru oke yana nnukwu akpa maka ngwaahịa nkwakọ ngwaahịa.A na-emepụtakarị ya ma jiri ya dịka ụkpụrụ mba ụwa si dị.Ụgbọ njem ụgbọ mmiri nwere uru na-enweghị atụ karịa ụdị njem ndị ọzọ ma bụrụkwa ụdị isi njem ibu ibu n'ụwa niile.
Kọmiti nka nka na ụzụ ISO/TC104 nke International Organisation for Standardization na-akọwa akpa dị ka “akpa enwere ike ijikwa ya ogologo oge ma nwee ike zuru oke;enwere ike ibufe ya n'oge njem n'ebughị ibu n'ime akpa ahụ, enwere ike ịgbanwe ya ozugbo, enwere ike ibu ya ngwa ngwa ma bupụ ya, enwere ike ibuga ya ozugbo site na ụzọ njem n'ụzọ dị mma gaa n'ụzọ ọzọ nke njem, dị mma maka ndochi na mkpofu. ngwa ahịa, na akpa ebu ibu nke nwere olu karịrị 1m."Enwere ọtụtụ ụzọ isi kewaa arịa, a na-ekewa ha na arịa aluminom, ihe nchara na igbe fiberglass dị ka ihe si dị..Dị ka ihe owuwu ahụ si dị, a na-ekewa ha n'ime igbe ogidi, ihe mpịachi, ihe ndị dị mkpa na ihe mkpuchi.Dị ka ebumnuche ahụ si dị, a na-ekewa ha n'ime igbe izugbe na akpa pụrụ iche.Ebube ebumnobi n'ozuzu ya, ya bụ, arịa akọrọ n'ozuzu, bụ arịa ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe nwere ọkwa dị elu.A na-ejikarị ha ebufe ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ ngwugwu ụlọ ọrụ emechara nke na-achọghị ụkpụrụ okpomọkụ.Akpa pụrụ iche bụ akpa nwere ihe pụrụ iche chọrọ maka ngwugwu ma ọ bụ ngwa ahịa akọwapụtara, dị ka nnukwu akpa, ihe ndị a na-emeghe n'elu, arịa ndị a na-ekpo ọkụ, ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi, ihe ikuku ventilashị, igbe akụkụ nke mepere emepe nke ọma, ihe nkwakọba efere efere, tank tank, na arịa ndị gbara ogige.chere.
Nkwakọ ngwaahịaigbe ngosi mpịakọta mbụTeknụzụ na-agụnyekwa nkwadebe nke atụmatụ nchekwa ibu akpa, nhọrọ nke ụdị njem na usoro nnyefe ibu
wdg. Maka ihe ndị dị mkpa, biko rụtụ aka na ụkpụrụ njem ụgbọ mmiri.
Oge nzipu: Mar-22-2024